Describe the steel making process

 Describe the steel making process

 Describe the steel-making process The welding process combines metals, plastics, and glass without the use of mechanical fastening equipment. In this study

Metals are divided into two major groups: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals.

Subject. These include many types of steel and its alloys, cast iron and wrought iron.

the non-ferrous group includes such

Common metals such as copper, lead, zinc, titanium, aluminum, nickel, tungsten, manganese, brass, and bronze.

There are also precious metals (gold, platinum, and silver) and radioactive metals such as uranium and radium.

non-ferrous

Steel is a combination of iron and carbon. Iron is a pure chemical element. iron oxides are found in

nature, and iron ore is abundant throughout the world. Because iron is not strong and hard enough

Enough to be used in structural members, it must be combined with carbon to produce the characteristics required for steel forms. Up to a certain point, the more carbon the steel is, the stronger and tougher the steel will be, but the less ductility and more crack-sensitive the microstructure. Although it is possible to weld almost all ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, this chapter will primarily deal with steel and other metals in the low and medium carbon range. These are the steels that students will be primarily concerned with within the practice of welding. It is estimated that about 80 percent of all welds are made of steel and that 85 percent of the total amount of steel is in the mild (low carbon) steel classification.

History of steel

The ancient Assyrians dated to about 3700 BC. The first recorded use of iron is credited around AD. Since the use of iron in making weapons gave them an advantage over other nations, they became the most powerful nations of their time. circa 1350 BC-AD 1300 All iron tools and weapons were made directly from iron ore. Production of low-carbon iron was previously relatively flat. was done in

Hearth furnaces. Gradually the height of the furnaces was increased, and the charge was introduced through the top. These shaft furnaces produced molten high carbon iron. Shaft furnaces began to be used in Europe after AD. 1350.

Exact information about the first process of steel making is not available. Tools with hardpoints and edges have been found that date back to 1000 to 500 BC. Early authors mention steel razors, surgical instruments, and files.

Chisels, and stone-cutting tools, were several hundred centuries before the Christian era. Before the Bessemer process of steelmaking, only two methods were used. The cementation process increased the carbon content of the wrought iron by heating it in the absence of air in contact with the heated carbon. The crucible process involved melting iron in a crucible to which carbon was added. Both these processes were known and used by the ancients. Both the cementation and crucible processes were lost to civilization during the Middle Ages. The cementation process in Belgium was revived around AD. 1600, while the crucible process was rediscovered in England in 1742. The crucible process eventually began to be used to make special steels. The cementation process was highly developed and was also widely used in England during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

The crucible process has been replaced by various electric furnace processes to produce special alloy steels and carbon tool steels.

About a Successful Ironworks in Saugus, Massachusetts

20 miles northeast of Boston. It operated from 1646 until

1670. Through the support of the American Iron and

Steel Institute, this site has been restored and is open to

Public.

opening day. The first patent was issued in Connecticut

in 1728. A succession of events prompted the development of

the steel industry:

• New uses of iron

• Discovery of large deposits of iron ore in the north

Michigan

• Development of Bessemer and Open Hearth

Procedures

• Civil War and America's Explosive Industry

post-war development

• Expansion of railways

• First and Second World Wars

The world's largest steel producer is currently

China at 500.5 MT. European Union is

Second with 198.0 MT, followed by Japan

118.7 metric tons and the United States 91.4. with

Metric Ton. The other major producer is Russia at 68.5,

Mexico at 17.2.

Annual steel production in the United States, as indicated, is just over 90 metric tons. steel fabrication facilities

A lot has changed in the last few decades. Where?

There used to be about 250 blast furnaces, now there are

Only 36 blast furnaces for the production of iron and no more

open

stoves are being used. main reason for

This drawback is the increased use of recycled steel. with

It is possible to find over 1,220 furnaces worldwide

steel demand. about 40 percent of all industrial

Jobs in the United States include manufacturing steel or

the use of steel.

perfection of the welding process as a means of

Joining metals has accelerated and expanded the use of

steel. The adaptability of steel to manufacturing processes

and its ability to combine with many other metals a

The wide variety of alloys has also contributed to its widespread use.

With the continuous development of GTAW, GMAW,

Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Laser Beam Cutting (LBC),

and plasma arc cutting (PAC), welding, and cutting

Is in aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, and other alloys

Be a regular product application.